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Vivado: 在综合(synthesis)之后找到“最大频率”

动机

在 ISE的综合工具(synthesizer)(xst) 生成的报告底部的某处,它说明了最大频率是多少,以及最慢的路径(path)的轮廓。这是一个相当不错的功能,尤其是在尝试优化特定模块时。在综合和 Vivado之后没有给出这样的数字,可能是因为 Xilinx 的人认为这个“最大频率”可能会产生误导。如果是这样,他们有两个很好的理由:

尽管如此,了解完整实现(implementation)的 Via Dolorosa 之前的情况有时还是很有用的。

如何在 Vivado中做到这一点

首先也是最重要的: 根据您的期望设置时序约束。或者至少,以某种方式明确哪些时钟是重要的,哪些可能很慢。然后在设计上执行综合。

综合成功完成后,打开 synthesized 设计(点击 bar 左侧的“Open Synthesized 设计”或用 Tcl 命令“open_run synth_1”)。

在 Tcl 窗口中,编写命令

report_timing_summary -file mytiming.rpt

它将完整的 post-synthesis timing 报告写入 mytiming.rpt。只需“report_timing_summary”将其打印到 console。

bar左侧的“Synthesized 设计”下还有一个“报告 Timing Summary(Report Timing Summary)”选项,但是我发现使用图形用户界面(GUI)界面很难从报告中获取信息。

阅读报告

规则 #1 : 综合报告(synthesis report)只是一个粗略的估计。布线时延(routing delays)是猜测。它可能会报告时序 failures (timing failures)在实现无论如何都会成功的地方,并且它可能会说在实现将严重失败的地方一切都很好(特别是当 FPGA的逻辑 usage (logic usage)接近 100%时)。

现在开始行动: 首先要看的是时钟 summary (clock summary)和 Intra Clock Table,并了解 Vivado 是如何命名哪个时钟的。例如,

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Clock Summary
| -------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Clock                  Waveform(ns)         Period(ns)      Frequency(MHz)
-----                  ------------         ----------      --------------
clk_fpga_1             {0.000 5.000}        10.000          100.000
gclk                   {0.000 4.000}        8.000           125.000
  audio_mclk_OBUF      {0.000 41.667}       83.333          12.000
  clk_fb               {0.000 20.000}       40.000          25.000
  vga_clk_ins/clk_fb   {0.000 20.000}       40.000          25.000
  vga_clk_ins/clkout0  {0.000 1.538}        3.077           325.000
  vga_clk_ins/clkout1  {0.000 7.692}        15.385          65.000
  vga_clk_ins/clkout2  {0.000 7.692}        15.385          65.000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Intra Clock Table
| -----------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Clock                      WNS(ns)      TNS(ns)  TNS Failing Endpoints  TNS Total Endpoints      WHS(ns)      THS(ns)  THS Failing Endpoints  THS Total Endpoints     WPWS(ns)     TPWS(ns)  TPWS Failing Endpoints  TPWS Total Endpoints
-----                      -------      -------  ---------------------  -------------------      -------      -------  ---------------------  -------------------     --------     --------  ----------------------  --------------------
clk_fpga_1                   3.791        0.000                      0                12474        0.135        0.000                      0                12474        3.750        0.000                       0                  5021
gclk                                                                                                                                                                     6.751        0.000                       0                     2
  audio_mclk_OBUF                                                                                                                                                       76.667        0.000                       0                     1
  clk_fb                                                                                                                                                                12.633        0.000                       0                     2
  vga_clk_ins/clk_fb                                                                                                                                                    38.751        0.000                       0                     2
  vga_clk_ins/clkout0                                                                                                                                                    1.410        0.000                       0                    10
  vga_clk_ins/clkout1       10.747        0.000                      0                  215       -0.029       -0.229                      8                  215        6.712        0.000                       0                   195
  vga_clk_ins/clkout2        3.990        0.000                      0                  415        0.135        0.000                      0                  415        7.192        0.000                       0                   211

如果时钟 Summary 中列出的时钟频率(从时序约束派生)不能帮助匹配时钟和名称,则 Intra Clock Table 中每个时钟的 TNS Total Endpoints 有助于分辨哪个时钟是哪个。因此,一旦找到感兴趣的时钟的名称,在文件中搜索此名称,并找到如下内容:

Max Delay Paths
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Slack (MET) :             3.791ns  (required time - arrival time)
  Source:                 xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_offset_limit_1/C
                            (rising edge-triggered cell FDRE clocked by clk_fpga_1  {rise@0.000ns fall@5.000ns period=10.000ns})
  Destination:            xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_end_offset_0/D
                            (rising edge-triggered cell FDRE clocked by clk_fpga_1  {rise@0.000ns fall@5.000ns period=10.000ns})
  Path Group:             clk_fpga_1
  Path Type:              Setup (Max at Slow Process Corner)
  Requirement:            10.000ns  (clk_fpga_1 rise@10.000ns - clk_fpga_1 rise@0.000ns)
  Data Path Delay:        6.077ns  (logic 2.346ns (38.605%)  route 3.731ns (61.395%))
  Logic Levels:           8  (CARRY4=3 LUT3=1 LUT4=1 LUT6=3)
  Clock Path Skew:        -0.040ns (DCD - SCD + CPR)
    Destination Clock Delay (DCD):    0.851ns = ( 10.851 - 10.000 )
    Source Clock Delay      (SCD):    0.901ns
    Clock Pessimism Removal (CPR):    0.010ns
  Clock Uncertainty:      0.154ns  ((TSJ^2 + TIJ^2)^1/2 + DJ) / 2 + PE
    Total System Jitter     (TSJ):    0.071ns
    Total Input Jitter      (TIJ):    0.300ns
    Discrete Jitter          (DJ):    0.000ns
    Phase Error              (PE):    0.000ns

    Location             Delay type                Incr(ns)  Path(ns)    Netlist Resource(s)
  -------------------------------------------------------------------    -------------------
                         (clock clk_fpga_1 rise edge)
                                                      0.000     0.000 r
                         PS7                          0.000     0.000 r  xillybus_ins/system_i/vivado_system_i/processing_system7_0/inst/PS7_i/FCLKCLK[1]
                         net (fo=1, unplaced)         0.000     0.000    xillybus_ins/system_i/vivado_system_i/processing_system7_0/inst/n_707_PS7_i
                         BUFG (Prop_bufg_I_O)         0.101     0.101 r  xillybus_ins/system_i/vivado_system_i/processing_system7_0/inst/buffer_fclk_clk_1.FCLK_CLK_1_BUFG/O
                         net (fo=5023, unplaced)      0.800     0.901    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/bus_clk_w
                                                                      r  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_offset_limit_1/C
  -------------------------------------------------------------------    -------------------
                         FDRE (Prop_fdre_C_Q)         0.496     1.397 f  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_offset_limit_1/Q
                         net (fo=5, unplaced)         0.834     2.231    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_offset_limit[1]
                         LUT4 (Prop_lut4_I0_O)        0.289     2.520 r  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/Mcompar_n0037_lutdi/O
                         net (fo=1, unplaced)         0.000     2.520    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/Mcompar_n0037_lutdi
                         CARRY4 (Prop_carry4_DI[0]_CO[3])
                                                      0.553     3.073 r  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/Mcompar_n0037_cy[0]_CARRY4/CO[3]
                         net (fo=1, unplaced)         0.000     3.073    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/Mcompar_n0037_cy[3]
                         CARRY4 (Prop_carry4_CI_CO[3])
                                                      0.114     3.187 r  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/Mcompar_n0037_cy[4]_CARRY4/CO[3]
                         net (fo=3, unplaced)         0.936     4.123    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/Mcompar_n0037_cy[7]
                         LUT6 (Prop_lut6_I4_O)        0.124     4.247 f  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_wr_request_condition/O
                         net (fo=7, unplaced)         0.480     4.727    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_wr_request_condition
                         LUT3 (Prop_lut3_I2_O)        0.124     4.851 r  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_flush_condition_unitw_1_wr_request_condition_AND_179_o3_lut/O
                         net (fo=1, unplaced)         0.000     4.851    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_flush_condition_unitw_1_wr_request_condition_AND_179_o3_lut
                         CARRY4 (Prop_carry4_S[2]_CO[3])
                                                      0.398     5.249 f  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_flush_condition_unitw_1_wr_request_condition_AND_179_o2_cy_CARRY4/CO[3]
                         net (fo=21, unplaced)        0.979     6.228    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_flush_condition_unitw_1_wr_request_condition_AND_179_o
                         LUT6 (Prop_lut6_I5_O)        0.124     6.352 r  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/_n03401/O
                         net (fo=15, unplaced)        0.502     6.854    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/_n0340
                         LUT6 (Prop_lut6_I5_O)        0.124     6.978 r  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_end_offset_0_rstpot/O
                         net (fo=1, unplaced)         0.000     6.978    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_end_offset_0_rstpot
                         FDRE                                         r  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_end_offset_0/D
  -------------------------------------------------------------------    -------------------

                         (clock clk_fpga_1 rise edge)
                                                     10.000    10.000 r
                         PS7                          0.000    10.000 r  xillybus_ins/system_i/vivado_system_i/processing_system7_0/inst/PS7_i/FCLKCLK[1]
                         net (fo=1, unplaced)         0.000    10.000    xillybus_ins/system_i/vivado_system_i/processing_system7_0/inst/n_707_PS7_i
                         BUFG (Prop_bufg_I_O)         0.091    10.091 r  xillybus_ins/system_i/vivado_system_i/processing_system7_0/inst/buffer_fclk_clk_1.FCLK_CLK_1_BUFG/O
                         net (fo=5023, unplaced)      0.760    10.851    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/bus_clk_w
                                                                      r  xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_end_offset_0/C
                         clock pessimism              0.010    10.861
                         clock uncertainty           -0.154    10.707
                         FDRE (Setup_fdre_C_D)        0.062    10.769    xillybus_ins/xillybus_core_ins/unitw_1_ins/unitw_1_end_offset_0
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
                         required time                         10.769
                         arrival time                          -6.978
  -------------------------------------------------------------------
                         slack                                  3.791

这是一段相当混乱的文本,但关键元素用红色标记。

在得出任何结论之前,请确保它是您正在查看的正确部分:

完成后,让我们看看我们得到了什么: 要求是 10 ns, slack 是 3.791 ns (注意是正数)。这意味着我们可以要求比 3.791 ns更短的时钟周期(clock period),它仍然可以。所以请求的时钟周期可能是 10 – 3.791 = 6.2090 ns,大约是 161 MHz。

因此, clk_fpga_1 的“maximal 时钟”问题的简短答案是 161 MHz。但请记住,如果约束发生变化,这个数字可能会发生变化。

最后一点: 数据路径时延(Data Path Delay)告诉我们是什么让这台最糟糕的路径变慢或变快。时延(delay)在逻辑上花了多少,以及(估计的) route 时延上多少。下面详细介绍的时延报告(delay report)也是如此。如需更详细的报告,请考虑在请求时序报告(timing report)时使用“-noworst”标志,因此列出了一些最坏情况的路径。这可以帮助解决时序(timing)的问题。

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